Essay On Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - 1195 Words

Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer Abstract In the past years, there has been a major paradigm shift in the management of non-small cell lung cancer also known as (NSCLC). NSCLC should now be further sub-classified by histology and driver mutation if one is known or present. Translational research results now allow such mutations to be inhibited by either receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Whilst empirical chemotherapy with a platinum-doublet remains the gold standard for advanced NSCLC without a known driver mutation, targeted therapy is pushing the boundary to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we will examine the major subtypes†¦show more content†¦It is now acknowledged that NSCLC is not a singular pathogen but is in fact multiple pathologies with unique molecular signatures that we are only beginning to understand and unravel . Widely speaking, the main subtypes are pulmonary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC ) and large cell carcinoma. This distinction alone allows for a more tailored selection of cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC without a controller mutation, as seen with enhanced efficacy with pemetrexed in adenocarcinoma or the toxicity concerns of bevacizumab in patients with squamous histology . Optimal management of NSCLC now requires that tumours be screened for a certain range of predictive and prognostic biomarkers that help to predict sensitivity to targeted therapy and estimate prognosis respectively . For NSCLC, much of the work in the past years has been focussed on mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and on the abnormal fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) being inhibited successfully with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and crizotinib respectively. Targeted agents are now being rationally designed to inhibit particular mutations leading to a more streamlined clinical trial process. In this review, we will examine the major subtypes of driver mutations that have been identified in NSCLC and relevant targeted therapies available both now, and in the foreseeable future. Signalling pathwayShow MoreRelatedThe Costs of Smoking Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscovery linking tobacco smoking with lung cancer has been published. Their conclusion that â€Å"smoking is a factor â€Å" (1), that causes the production of carcinoma of the lung has been confirmed by many further studies done by different scientists throughout the world. These studies have also ascertained connection between smoking and heart dieases, cancer (especially lung cancer), bronchitis, organ failure, indigestion. In my essay I will discuss the costs of smoking inRead MoreThe Sequence Of Target Messenger Rna1604 Words   |  7 PagesMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA, usually 17-25 nucleotides long that are able to bind complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and to induce both their degradation and translational repression (Fortunato, et al 2014). They are one of the most significant classes of non-coding RNA molecules (eg. small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ribozymes) that act within the cell. MiRNAs are also evolutionary conserved in different species from plants to humans and are encoded by their respectiveRead MoreLung Cancer Is One Of Many Common Diseases. About Two And2088 Words   |  9 PagesLung cancer is one of many common diseases. About two and twenty thousand cases of lung cancer, affecting men and women, were predicted for the year twenty seventeen. This statistic was estimated by the american cancer society. Of these people, about one hundred and fifty six thousand will not survive.There are many symptoms, as well as advanced stage symptoms that people should be aware of. Many of the signs of lung cancer, are simple things some people may not even notice, such as: coughing, exhaustionRead MoreThe Biological and Psychological Impact of Smoking Cigarettes4626 Words   |  19 PagesThe Biological and Psychological Impact of Smoking Cigarettes I have been set the assignment to construct a detailed and comprehensive scientific essay. The essay must be related to an area of the AS course(AQA). I have decided to do my essay on the biological and psychological impacts of smoking cigarettes. I will provide a brief section on the history of smoking and cigarettes. I will then discuss the composition and contents of cigarettes and the biological andRead MoreCauses of Smoking Habit Among Teenagers1621 Words   |  7 Pagescomprised of 20 male and 20 female respondent, their aged ranged from 13 to 19 years. Statement of the problem -Why do teenagers smoke? -Why do teenagers start smoking? -What are the signs of teenager smoking? Foreign Literature Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Almost everyone in America can read this message and pin point exactly where it came from. It is well known for being printed on every single pack of cigarettes sold in America and in otherRead MoreSmoking Term Paper3599 Words   |  15 Pagesgetting addicted everyday. Smoking has a negative affect on every aspect of our society. Jeffries 2 This essay will cover many aspect of the negative side of the tobacco industry, mainly focusing on the health drawbacks of smoking. It will cover the negative health effects on smokers themselves and also the negative effects on people around smokers, secondhand smoke. This essay will then discuss how putting an end to smoking will benefit everyone. Now that the essay’s main points are laidRead MoreDiseases Involving Tumors Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthem. First and foremost I want to present some fundamental information about cancer. A tumour is an ailment of the cells, which are the bodys essential building pieces, cancer happens when unusual cells develop in an uncontrolled way (MedicineNet.com 2014). These unusual cells can harm or attack the encompassing tissues, or spread to different parts of the body, bringing on additional harm. The growth of these cells, in some cases, starts in one piece of the body before spreading to different areasRead MoreThe Efficien cy Of Animal Testing1394 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment There are 33 glaring errors in grammar and MLA format in the following essay. Identify each one. (Note that finding more than 33 does not give you extra, bonus points, though good for you for pointing out more than the obvious errors.) The Efficiency of Animal Testing For many years, the primary way to make advances in biomedical science was through experimentation on animals, also known as vivisection. This method involves using different species of animals in experiments and developmentalRead MoreThe Psychology Of Cancer And Cancer2391 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing the psychology of cancer. More than 270,000 people are diagnosed with cancer each year in the UK. Cancer is the cause of a quarter of all UK deaths, and well over a third of all deaths in adults under 65 (Cancer Research UK, 2004). It is a deadly illness, in 2012, an estimated 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide and an estimated 8.2 million people died from cancer. Around 12,500 cancers in the UK each year are linked to alcohol with smoking causingRead MoreComparison of X-Ray and Ultrasound1217 Words   |  5 PagesX rays and Ultrasound are two of the main imaging techniques used in radiography. For the purposes of this essay, we will look at conventional x-rays and diagnostic ultrasound. Conventional x rays are non-invasive diagnostic techniques that are used to capture images of the bodys organs and bones. Diagnostic ultrasounds are high frequency sound waves to create an image of soft issues in the body such as muscles, joints, and internal organs. As examined below, while both are used in diagnostic radiography

Abraham Maslow, A Humanistic Psychology - 860 Words

A first psychologist who looked at people’s behavior from a positive aspect was Abraham Harold Maslow. Maslow was a founder a humanistic psychology. Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908. His parents were Jewish immigrants who came from Russia. Maslow was the oldest out of his seven siblings. He grew up in a non-Jewish community where he faced anti-Semitism. This type of unfavorable environment pushed him to isolate himself from people and indulge himself in books. Unfortunately, his life at home was not that much better. At home, Maslow did not have a good relationship with either of his parents. He did not receive any affection from his mother, who he grew to hate. Even in his adult years, Maslow never spoke anything positive about her. Growing up, he did not have a good relationship with his father, with whom he always fought. However, he made amends with his father in his adult years. Although he did not have a good relationship with his parents, his paren ts pushed him into education. For college, he attended City College of New York, but did not last there long and ended up leaving the school. He, then, transferred to Cornell, but did not do well there ended up leaving the school and going back to City College of New Work. In 1928, Maslow married his first cousin, Bertha. Maslow and Bertha had two daughters. In 1930 he attended University of Wisconsin, where he received his BA in psychology. He continued his education at the University of WisconsinShow MoreRelatedAbraham Maslow, The Motivator Behind Humanistic Psychology1756 Words   |  8 Pagesbe the route. For Abraham Maslow, the motivator behind humanistic psychology, this question left a desire to be filled. As a child growing up in Brooklyn, unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books (Hoffman 133). The time spent lead Maslow to his steadfast ideals and values, eventually leading him into the field of psychology (Hoffman 133). Maslow had a desire to study what motivated people (Hoffman 133). During the 1960s, Maslow founded what is knownRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs And Humanistic Psychology848 Words   |  4 Pagesof psychology in the year 1879, researchers have approached the field and have studied the human mind in a numerous amount of ways. One psychologist in particular that is said to have enhanced the quality of psychological research is Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow is best known for his work in creating the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Humanistic Psychology. There are many things that came out of Maslow’s findings, how he contributed to psychology, how he influenced the field of psychology, andRead MoreEarl y Life And Education : Abraham Maslow929 Words   |  4 PagesEarly Life and Education: Abraham Maslow was one of seven children born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn New York on April 1st 1908. He grew up in rather negative environment, both of his parents were negligent and nurturing. His father and mother were degrading and verbally abusive to him and his siblings. They would call him names causing Maslow to feel insecure about his appearance. Maslow was inspired by the work of Erik Fromm who was also a humanistic psychologist. He eventually went to New YorksRead MoreHumanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1748 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic Psychology is a psychological sub-field which became prominent in the 20th century as a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic app roach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free willRead MoreHumanistic Theories Debate On Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers1617 Words   |  7 Pages Humanistic Theories Debate Team B – Anthony Garcia, Becky Billison, Cher Keen, Britanie McKernan, Megan Groulx PSY/310 September 7, 2015 Dr. Sadie Fine â€Æ' Humanistic Theories Debate In the debate between Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, both whom are humanistic theorists that share a mutual interest in the teachings of self-actualization, will discuss the specifics of their individual theories regarding the main points, their contributions, and the criticism they have received about their theoriesRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesBiography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). Maslow also taughtRead MoreEssay on Maslow Hierarchy of Needs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe Study of Maslow Hierarchy of Needs This essay study is about Maslows school of thought. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels. I liked the way he differed from traditional psychologists. For example, he studied happy, high performing people to learn more about what they had in common. Maslows main contributions to psychology were the founding of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology in 1961. There were many occurrences during his lifetime thatRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreMaslow s Motivation And Personality1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthe theorist Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first of seven children born to Russian - Jewish immigrants. While Maslow’s father was uneducated, he pushed his son academically and encouraged him to become a lawyer. Maslow began his extensive education at City College of New York but later told his father that he did not want to study law. In 1928, after marrying his wife Berta, he transferred to the University of Wisconsin to st udy psychology under the guidanceRead MoreThe Humanistic Theory Of Humanistic And Behaviorist761 Words   |  4 Pagesof the chosen theories, I made my decision to choose Humanistic and Behaviorist. In the Humanistic Theory, people are often looked upon as to handling their lives and actions, and they have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior. Two important humanistic theorists and psychologists were, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow was a psychotherapist, considered the founder of the humanist movement in psychology. He examined the human experience by looking at the things

High Divorce Rates Free Essays

Family Institution (High Divorce Rates) Have you ever been to a traditional wedding? They are the most beautiful breath taking experience that you have ever seen; many symbols like the exchange of rings, uniting candle, flowers, bride’s maids and best man, and the bride in a beautiful white dress. Also weddings are a lot of fun too. They are the start of a family institution. We will write a custom essay sample on High Divorce Rates or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the flip side they are expensive and stressful for the couple at hand and the odds of staying together are only one out of every five marriages ended divorced within the first five years. Nowadays unlike the past more people are living together without getting married. According to the Associated Press the divorce rate was down to the lowest at 3. 6% (per 1000) since the 1970. The peak of divorce was in 1981 it was 5. 3% (per 1000). Some experts still say that marriages are as unstable as ever, but because couples are living together instead of marrying the rates are lower for marriages too. So it makes sense that the divorce would be down because not as many couples are getting married and living together instead and there is no data that shows at break-up unlike divorce has data. Nowadays, divorce is one of the most serious social problems that American society is currently facing. This is why it is extremely important to find out the main factors contributing to the growth of the divorce rate and possible solutions of the problem. Families are structured through marriage and reproduction is needed to keep the family institutions health and operating in society. There are many causes of divorce, just to name a few: changing woman’s roles, lack of stability, domestic violence, and lack of communication, which are highlighted below. Some solutions to these problems are needed because divorce plays a very significant role in the life of society, family and each individual. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in roles. In the past, men had to earn all the money to afford the expense of family, whereas woman only do housework, since women have no money leading to depend on husbands’ money. Because of these situations, it is too difficult for most women to separate from their husbands. Nonetheless, these situations entirely changed nowadays. The quality between men and women in roles are very clear at the moment, thus women can work outside to earn money, while men share the household tasks such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes as well as caring for children. It can be clearly seen that women are independent from money as they can earn money by them to support their living cost. But this as I stated has been huge changes and not always accept ed in all marriages. Next let’s look at stability with the high rates of company down sizing. Many people are losing their highly paid job and either can’t replace it or have to replace it with a much lower paying job. This is a big problem because couples are not able to make their monthly mortgages and the relationship because very stressful. Many even have to turn to other resources such as government funded programs. Stress like this leads to divorce in some cases. Domestic violence is another big reason couples are getting divorce, because of the no-fault divorce it is more accepted that if you want out of the marriage just go get a divorce. Prior to 1969, countries which permitted divorces also required proof by one party that the other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage. This was termed â€Å"grounds† for divorce (popularly called â€Å"fault†) and was the only way to terminate a marriage. Most jurisdictions around the world still require such proof of fault. In the United States, no-fault divorce is now available in all 50 states and the a District of Columbia-New York, the last state to still require fault-based divorce, passed a bill this year (2010) permitting no-fault divorce. According to Time magazine women are simple happier with out men and father are not necessary. Media has a high impact on the belief that shows like Sex and the City are the new shape of society. Women are financial stabile and don’t need men for financial stability. Family Institution (High Divorce Rates) Have you ever been to a traditional wedding? They are the most beautiful breath taking experience that you have ever seen; many symbols like the exchange of rings, uniting candle, flowers, bride’s maids and best man, and the bride in a beautiful white dress. Also weddings are a lot of fun too. They are the start of a family institution. On the flip side they are expensive and stressful for the couple at hand and the odds of staying together are only one out of every five marriages ended divorced within the first five years. Nowadays unlike the past more people are living together without getting married. According to the Associated Press the divorce rate was down to the lowest at 3. 6% (per 1000) since the 1970. The peak of divorce was in 1981 it was 5. 3% (per 1000). Some experts still say that marriages are as unstable as ever, but because couples are living together instead of marrying the rates are lower for marriages too. So it makes sense that the divorce would be down because not as many couples are getting married and living together instead and there is no data that shows at break-up unlike divorce has data. Nowadays, divorce is one of the most serious social problems that American society is currently facing. This is why it is extremely important to find out the main factors contributing to the growth of the divorce rate and possible solutions of the problem. Families are structured through marriage and reproduction is needed to keep the family institutions health and operating in society. There are many causes of divorce, just to name a few: changing woman’s roles, lack of stability, domestic violence, and lack of communication, which are highlighted below. Some solutions to these problems are needed because divorce plays a very significant role in the life of society, family and each individual. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in roles. In the past, men had to earn all the money to afford the expense of family, whereas woman only do housework, since women have no money leading to depend on husbands’ money. Because of these situations, it is too difficult for most women to separate from their husbands. Nonetheless, these situations entirely changed nowadays. The equality between men and women in roles are very clear at the moment, thus women can work outside to earn money, while men share the household tasks such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes as well as caring for children. It can be clearly seen that women are independent from money as they can earn money by them to support their living cost. But this as I stated has been huge changes and not always accepted in all marriages. Next let’s look at stability with the high rates of company down sizing. Many people are losing their highly paid job and either can’t replace it or have to replace it with a much lower paying job. This is a big problem because couples are not able to make their monthly mortgages and the relationship because very stressful. Many even have to turn to other resources such as government funded programs. Stress like this leads to divorce in some cases. Domestic violence is another big reason couples are getting divorce, because of the no-fault divorce it is more accepted that if you want out of the marriage just go get a divorce. Prior to 1969, countries which permitted divorces also required proof by one party that the other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage. This was termed â€Å"grounds† for divorce (popularly called â€Å"fault†) and was the only way to terminate a marriage. Most jurisdictions around the world still require such proof of fault. In the United States, no-fault divorce is now available in all 50 states and the a District of Columbia-New York, the last state to still require fault-based divorce, passed a bill this year (2010) permitting no-fault divorce. According to Time magazine women are simple happier with out men and father are not necessary. Media has a high impact on the belief that shows like Sex and the City are the new shape of society. Women are financial stabile and don’t need men for financial stability. How to cite High Divorce Rates, Papers

The Japanese Quince Essay Research Paper AP free essay sample

The Nipponese Quince Essay, Research Paper A.P. English The Nipponese Quince In The Nipponese Quince written by John Galsworthy, the actions of Mr. Nilson, a well-known and affluent man of affairs, consist the secret plan. The narrative basically describes Mr. Nilson s amble through Square Gardens, which leads to a realisation that he lacks spontaneousness, which in bend has prevented him from appreciating nature, so when he does see the beauty in nature, he gets fascinated by it. Developments in the secret plan are Mr. Nilson s feeling of emptiness, his infatuation with the Nipponese Quince, and the brush with Mr. Tandram.Mr. Nilson s complaint ab initio starts out as benign and described as a curious sweetish esthesis in the dorsum of his pharynx, and a feeling of emptiness merely under his 5th rib. However, this esthesis was intense plenty to hold Mr. Nilson deviate from his day-to-day modus operandi. We will write a custom essay sample on The Japanese Quince Essay Research Paper AP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This feeling of emptiness additions and shortly is more mistily described as a fagot feeling and a swoon hurting merely above his bosom. Mr. Nilson tries to explicate what is doing this, but ends up with nil. When Mr. Nilson says, and here I am the lone individual in the Square who has the-to come out and- , this signifies his feeling of emptiness is even apparent in his comment. He was seeking to state that he couldn t believe that he s the lone 1 who has the desire to come out and look at nature. The reader, can comprehend what the cause of it is when there are elans in topographic point of words. He can t ptyalize these words out because he has neer experienced the beauty of nature. The Nipponese Quince fascinates Mr. Nilson ; it [ is ] so alive and reasonably. The tree with its pink and white flowers serves an cosmetic intent, since it doesn t do anything so utile as bear fruit. This is a contrast to Mr. Nilson s mechanical life, along with his fathead clock. Mr. Nilson s life is being a man of affairs, while the fathead clock s life is to start out and sing every hr on the hr to do people cognizant of the clip. Both of these occupations are really mechanical in that Mr. Nilson follows a set agenda mundane and does non diverge from it, while the fathead clock pops out every hr on the hr twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. It s Mr. Nilson s life in general that is doing him lack spontaneousness. The fathead clock besides is a contrast to the blackbird that is alive and existent. The blackbird produces sweet and tuneful vocals, while the fathead clock produces the same humdrum vocal every hr on the hr. When Mr. Nilson sees the Nipponese Quince, he is dazzled by it because due to his busy life with work, he doesn t have clip to be fascinated with nature. Mr. Nilson s brush with Mr. Tandram is the concluding development in the secret plan. Mr. Nilson strikes up a small conversation with Mr. Tandram, which entails merely scientific inside informations about the tree. We see that since Mr. Nilson can non depict the beauty of nature in abstract words, but alternatively he must trust on facts to depict the tree. He is ever believing about concern and affecting himself with facts, merely like when he was chew overing on the monetary value of Tintos. When Mr. Nilson sees a C transcript of himself in Mr. Tandram, he thinks to himself, how foolish he must ve looked staring and smiling at the tree, and Mr. Nilson fears this because it is something unknown and a new experience for him. The reader of The Nipponese Quince should recognize that the feeling of emptiness, is caused by losing spontaneousness. At the terminal when Mr. Nilson hears the sound of a cough from Mr. Tandram, he gets disquieted, but doesn Ts know why. This is likely because Mr. Nilson enjoyed his amble through the park. However now he is reluctantly forced to travel back to the mechanical life of a man of affairs.